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    ATCC dr julien sage shp77 atcc crl
    Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in <t>SHP77</t> single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.
    Dr Julien Sage Shp77 Atcc Crl, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 137 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/dr+julien+sage+shp77+atcc+crl/SHP-77/pm40250444-580-142-146
    Average 95 stars, based on 137 article reviews
    dr julien sage shp77 atcc crl - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
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    1) Product Images from "Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation."

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.

    Journal: Cancer cell

    doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.027

    Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in SHP77 single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in SHP77 single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.

    Techniques Used: RNA Sequencing, ChIP-sequencing, CRISPR, DNA Gel Electrophoresis, Clone Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

    Figure 3. circRMST is essential for NE tumor growth and maintaining NE gene expressions including ASCL1 (A) Schematic of circRMST shRNA design. shRNA knockdown efficiency determined by divergent primers in SHP77 after 3 days of puromycin selection. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. (B) Representative images of SCLC-A SHP77, H889, and H69 cell lines and NEPC organoid PM155, PM154, and PDX-derived 331R cell line grown in Matrigel after circRMST shRNA treatments. Cells were selected with puromycin for at least 3 days before seeding. Images were taken after 7 days to one month of cell growth. (C) Quantification of colony numbers or organoid diameters. Two biological replicates were quantified. Relative colony numbers were normalized to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) In vivo growth curves of SHP77 shRNA xenograft tumors (n = 7 for each group) in NSG mice. Error bars represent SEM. Two-way ANOVA. (E) Volcano plot showcasing RNA-seq gene expression changes in SHP77 treated with circRMST shRNA 1 compared to shGFP. Significance and fold change were calculated with DESeq2. (F) Lollipop graph of all upregulated GSEA pathways and a selected subset of downregulated pathways in SHP77 circRMST shRNA cells compared to shGFP. Significance is -log10(FDR). (G) Western blots of ASCL1 after circRMST knockdowns. (H) Schematic of RMST promoter deletion designs using CRISPR-dual guide system. (I) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR in SHP77 with DRMST promoter deletions at cell population level. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to DAAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (legend continued on next page)
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 3. circRMST is essential for NE tumor growth and maintaining NE gene expressions including ASCL1 (A) Schematic of circRMST shRNA design. shRNA knockdown efficiency determined by divergent primers in SHP77 after 3 days of puromycin selection. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. (B) Representative images of SCLC-A SHP77, H889, and H69 cell lines and NEPC organoid PM155, PM154, and PDX-derived 331R cell line grown in Matrigel after circRMST shRNA treatments. Cells were selected with puromycin for at least 3 days before seeding. Images were taken after 7 days to one month of cell growth. (C) Quantification of colony numbers or organoid diameters. Two biological replicates were quantified. Relative colony numbers were normalized to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) In vivo growth curves of SHP77 shRNA xenograft tumors (n = 7 for each group) in NSG mice. Error bars represent SEM. Two-way ANOVA. (E) Volcano plot showcasing RNA-seq gene expression changes in SHP77 treated with circRMST shRNA 1 compared to shGFP. Significance and fold change were calculated with DESeq2. (F) Lollipop graph of all upregulated GSEA pathways and a selected subset of downregulated pathways in SHP77 circRMST shRNA cells compared to shGFP. Significance is -log10(FDR). (G) Western blots of ASCL1 after circRMST knockdowns. (H) Schematic of RMST promoter deletion designs using CRISPR-dual guide system. (I) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR in SHP77 with DRMST promoter deletions at cell population level. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to DAAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (legend continued on next page)

    Techniques Used: shRNA, Knockdown, Selection, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Derivative Assay, In Vivo, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Western Blot, CRISPR, Quantitative RT-PCR

    Figure 5. circRMST interacts with SOX2 and NKX2-1 (A) Schematic of circRMST pulldown assays with 30 biotin labeled DNA probes. (B and C) circRMST pulldown efficiency in SHP77 and H1092. Percentage of input was calculated comparing the pull-down fraction to the input. Unpaired two- tailed Student’s t test. (D) Cytoscape illustration of circRMST protein interactors identified in both SHP77 and H1092 in two biological replicates. SAINT analysis was applied comparing circRMST pulldowns and control pulldowns. All proteins had FDR <0.1. (E) Western blot of circRMST interacting and non-interacting proteins in SHP77 and H1092. (F) Enrichment of SOX2 and NKX2-1 with 1% formaldehyde crosslinked RIP in H889. IgG antibody was used as a negative control. (G) RNA enriched by SOX2 and NKX2-1 crosslinked RIP in H889. Percentage of input was calculated by comparing the IP fraction to the input. All error bars represent SD. **p < 0.01. See also Figure S5 and Table S4.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 5. circRMST interacts with SOX2 and NKX2-1 (A) Schematic of circRMST pulldown assays with 30 biotin labeled DNA probes. (B and C) circRMST pulldown efficiency in SHP77 and H1092. Percentage of input was calculated comparing the pull-down fraction to the input. Unpaired two- tailed Student’s t test. (D) Cytoscape illustration of circRMST protein interactors identified in both SHP77 and H1092 in two biological replicates. SAINT analysis was applied comparing circRMST pulldowns and control pulldowns. All proteins had FDR <0.1. (E) Western blot of circRMST interacting and non-interacting proteins in SHP77 and H1092. (F) Enrichment of SOX2 and NKX2-1 with 1% formaldehyde crosslinked RIP in H889. IgG antibody was used as a negative control. (G) RNA enriched by SOX2 and NKX2-1 crosslinked RIP in H889. Percentage of input was calculated by comparing the IP fraction to the input. All error bars represent SD. **p < 0.01. See also Figure S5 and Table S4.

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Two Tailed Test, Control, Western Blot, Negative Control

    Figure 6. circRMST regulates NKX2-1 protein stability and SOX2 genomic binding (A) Western blot of NKX2-1 and SOX2 in SHP77 after 7 days of circRMST shRNA knockdown. SOX2 western was performed in the same experiment as ASCL1 shown in Figure 3G, and the Vinculin blot in Figure 3G serves as the loading control. (B) NKX2-1 protein amounts in 50 mg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) treated SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. Relative amounts from two biological replicates were normalized to vinculin and then to time point 0. Paired Student t tests. Error bars represent SD. (C) NKX2-1 protein amounts in SHP77 treated with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) at 200 nM for 24 h after 48 h of circRMST shRNA treatment. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. LC3 was used as a positive control for BafA treatment. (D) Representative images of SHP77 live cells stained with 50 nM Deep Red LysoTracker for 1.5 h (E) Quantification of LysoTracker signal intensity per cell using ImageJ. At least 5 images for each group were quantified. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) Western blot of NKX2-1 with circRMST and HSC70 shRNAs in SHP77. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. (G) Profile plots of SOX2 and NKX2-1 ChIP-seq signals at all peaks called by MACS2 in SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. (H) Heatmaps of SOX2 unaltered, downregulated and upregulated peaks in SHP77 circRMST knockdown cells, filtered by FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2. (I) ChIP-seq signal tracks for SOX2 and NKX2-1 at ASCL1 and INSM1 with and without circRMST knockdown. Yellow region represents significantly differential peaks determined by DiffBind with p value < 0.05. (J) Western blots of CRISPR-Cas9 targeting SOX2 and/or NKX2-1 in SHP77. (K) Overlaps between SOX2 and NKX2-1 cistromes in SHP77. (L) Graphical summary of circRMST function in neuroendocrine tumors. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S6 and Table S5.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 6. circRMST regulates NKX2-1 protein stability and SOX2 genomic binding (A) Western blot of NKX2-1 and SOX2 in SHP77 after 7 days of circRMST shRNA knockdown. SOX2 western was performed in the same experiment as ASCL1 shown in Figure 3G, and the Vinculin blot in Figure 3G serves as the loading control. (B) NKX2-1 protein amounts in 50 mg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) treated SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. Relative amounts from two biological replicates were normalized to vinculin and then to time point 0. Paired Student t tests. Error bars represent SD. (C) NKX2-1 protein amounts in SHP77 treated with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) at 200 nM for 24 h after 48 h of circRMST shRNA treatment. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. LC3 was used as a positive control for BafA treatment. (D) Representative images of SHP77 live cells stained with 50 nM Deep Red LysoTracker for 1.5 h (E) Quantification of LysoTracker signal intensity per cell using ImageJ. At least 5 images for each group were quantified. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) Western blot of NKX2-1 with circRMST and HSC70 shRNAs in SHP77. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. (G) Profile plots of SOX2 and NKX2-1 ChIP-seq signals at all peaks called by MACS2 in SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. (H) Heatmaps of SOX2 unaltered, downregulated and upregulated peaks in SHP77 circRMST knockdown cells, filtered by FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2. (I) ChIP-seq signal tracks for SOX2 and NKX2-1 at ASCL1 and INSM1 with and without circRMST knockdown. Yellow region represents significantly differential peaks determined by DiffBind with p value < 0.05. (J) Western blots of CRISPR-Cas9 targeting SOX2 and/or NKX2-1 in SHP77. (K) Overlaps between SOX2 and NKX2-1 cistromes in SHP77. (L) Graphical summary of circRMST function in neuroendocrine tumors. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S6 and Table S5.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Western Blot, shRNA, Knockdown, Control, Positive Control, Staining, Two Tailed Test, ChIP-sequencing, CRISPR

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    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Esp3I NEB cat. #R0734S Lipofectamine 3000 ThermoFisher cat. #L3000015 Puromycin Dihydrochloride Gibco cat. #A1113803 Blasticidin S HCl Wisent cat. #450-190-XL RedSafe nucleic acid stain FroggaBio cat. #21141 TrypLE ThermoFisher cat. #12605-010 RNAiMAX Invitrogen cat. #13778075 Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium ThermoFisher cat. #31985070 FxCycle PI/RNase Invitrogen cat. #F10797 PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix Applied Biosystems cat. #A25742 RNase R Biosearch Technologies cat. #RNR07250 UltraPure Phenol:Chloroform: Isoamyl Alcohol (25:24:1, v/v) Invitrogen cat. #15593049 ddPCR mix without UTP Bio-Rad cat. #1863024 Protease inhibitor cocktail Roche cat. #11836170001 DIG-11-UTP Sigma-Aldrich cat. #11209256910 E-Gel EX 2% Agarose Invitrogen cat #G401002 PMSF Thermo Scientific cat. #36978 Protector RNase inhibitor Roche cat. #3335399001 Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1 Invitrogen cat. #65001 Trypsin Thermo Scientific cat. #90058 Formaldehyde Sigma-Aldrich cat. #F8775 Cycloheximide Sigma-Aldrich cat. #C7698 MG132 Sigma-Aldrich cat. #474791 Bafilomycin A1 Sigma-Aldrich cat. #B1793 LysoTracker Deep red Invitrogen cat. #L12492 Dynabeads protein A Invitrogen cat. #10002D Dynabeads protein G Invitrogen cat. #10004D DNase-free RNaseA Thermo Scientific cat. #EN0531 Proteinase K Thermo Scientific cat. #EO0492 AMPure XP beads Beckman Coulter cat. #A63881 Critical commercial assays Maxwell 16 LEV simplyRNA Tissue Kit Promega cat. #AS1280 RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen cat. #74106 High pure RNA isolation kit Roche cat. #11828665001 TruSeq stranded total RNA library preparation kit Illumina cat. #20020597 Stranded total RNA prep, ligation with ribo-zero plus kit Illumina cat. #20040525 Monarch DNA gel extraction kit NEB cat. #T1020S Click-iT plus EdU pacific blue flow cytometry assay kit Invitrogen cat. #C10636 High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit Applied Biosystems cat. #4368814 PARIS cell fractionation kit Ambion cat. #AM1921 HiScribe T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit NEB cat. #E2040S DIG Northern Starter Kit Roche cat. #12039672910 BaseScope Detection Reagents V2 - RED ACD cat. #323910 Magna RIP RNA-protein immunoprecipitation kit Sigma-Aldrich cat. #17-700 MinElute PCR purification kit Qiagen cat. #28006 (Continued on next page) e2 Cancer Cell 43, 1–14.e1–e10, May 12, 2025 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195 .. VCaP ATCC CRL-2876 Experimental models: Organisms/strains Mouse: NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:5557 Mouse: B6.129S4-Ptentm1Hwu/J Gift from Dr. Fen Wang, the Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:006440 Mouse: B6.129P2-Trp53tm1Brn/J The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:008462 Mouse: Rb1tm2Brn/J The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:026563 Mouse: C57BL/6JRmst-/- Generated by Cyagen Biosciences for this study Oligonucleotides For oligonucleotide sequence information, see Table S6.

    RNA Sequencing:

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Esp3I NEB cat. #R0734S Lipofectamine 3000 ThermoFisher cat. #L3000015 Puromycin Dihydrochloride Gibco cat. #A1113803 Blasticidin S HCl Wisent cat. #450-190-XL RedSafe nucleic acid stain FroggaBio cat. #21141 TrypLE ThermoFisher cat. #12605-010 RNAiMAX Invitrogen cat. #13778075 Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium ThermoFisher cat. #31985070 FxCycle PI/RNase Invitrogen cat. #F10797 PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix Applied Biosystems cat. #A25742 RNase R Biosearch Technologies cat. #RNR07250 UltraPure Phenol:Chloroform: Isoamyl Alcohol (25:24:1, v/v) Invitrogen cat. #15593049 ddPCR mix without UTP Bio-Rad cat. #1863024 Protease inhibitor cocktail Roche cat. #11836170001 DIG-11-UTP Sigma-Aldrich cat. #11209256910 E-Gel EX 2% Agarose Invitrogen cat #G401002 PMSF Thermo Scientific cat. #36978 Protector RNase inhibitor Roche cat. #3335399001 Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1 Invitrogen cat. #65001 Trypsin Thermo Scientific cat. #90058 Formaldehyde Sigma-Aldrich cat. #F8775 Cycloheximide Sigma-Aldrich cat. #C7698 MG132 Sigma-Aldrich cat. #474791 Bafilomycin A1 Sigma-Aldrich cat. #B1793 LysoTracker Deep red Invitrogen cat. #L12492 Dynabeads protein A Invitrogen cat. #10002D Dynabeads protein G Invitrogen cat. #10004D DNase-free RNaseA Thermo Scientific cat. #EN0531 Proteinase K Thermo Scientific cat. #EO0492 AMPure XP beads Beckman Coulter cat. #A63881 Critical commercial assays Maxwell 16 LEV simplyRNA Tissue Kit Promega cat. #AS1280 RNeasy Mini Kit Qiagen cat. #74106 High pure RNA isolation kit Roche cat. #11828665001 TruSeq stranded total RNA library preparation kit Illumina cat. #20020597 Stranded total RNA prep, ligation with ribo-zero plus kit Illumina cat. #20040525 Monarch DNA gel extraction kit NEB cat. #T1020S Click-iT plus EdU pacific blue flow cytometry assay kit Invitrogen cat. #C10636 High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit Applied Biosystems cat. #4368814 PARIS cell fractionation kit Ambion cat. #AM1921 HiScribe T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit NEB cat. #E2040S DIG Northern Starter Kit Roche cat. #12039672910 BaseScope Detection Reagents V2 - RED ACD cat. #323910 Magna RIP RNA-protein immunoprecipitation kit Sigma-Aldrich cat. #17-700 MinElute PCR purification kit Qiagen cat. #28006 (Continued on next page) e2 Cancer Cell 43, 1–14.e1–e10, May 12, 2025 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195 .. VCaP ATCC CRL-2876 Experimental models: Organisms/strains Mouse: NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:5557 Mouse: B6.129S4-Ptentm1Hwu/J Gift from Dr. Fen Wang, the Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:006440 Mouse: B6.129P2-Trp53tm1Brn/J The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:008462 Mouse: Rb1tm2Brn/J The Jackson Laboratory cat. #JAX:026563 Mouse: C57BL/6JRmst-/- Generated by Cyagen Biosciences for this study Oligonucleotides For oligonucleotide sequence information, see Table S6.



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    ATCC dr julien sage shp77 atcc crl
    Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in <t>SHP77</t> single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.
    Dr Julien Sage Shp77 Atcc Crl, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in SHP77 single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.

    Journal: Cancer cell

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.

    doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.027

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. circRMST biogenesis is driven by conserved intronic repetitive element MIRb in humans and mice (A) Signal tracks of total RNA-seq in TKO GEMM and ENCODE mouse midbrain H3K4me3 ChIP-seq. Mouse transcript Rmst-207 (ENSMUST000000218678.3, GENCODE vM32) is shown. Curved lines above the TKO signal tracks indicate backsplicings with the thickest line indicating the most abundant isoform. Conservation score calculated by phyloP in 35 vertebrates is downloaded from UCSC genome browser. Human RMST-211 transcript is shown in reverse orientation. Red exons indicate the exons involved in circularization. Vertical gray lines represent short and long repetitive elements annotated in the human upstream intron. Red arrows represent MIRb elements. Schematic of CRISPR-dual guide designs to delete MIRbs is shown. (B) FPKM of circRmst isoforms identified in 4 SKO, 5 DKO and 4 TKO tumors. Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (C) Heatmap of 691 differential circRNAs (FDR <0.05) between 4 SKO and 4 TKO tumors calculated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Color key indicates row Z score for each circRNA. (D) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming the human downstream MIRb deletion with guide set 2 in SHP77 single cell clones. WT, wild type. HOM, homozygous. Del, deletion. (E) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR. Expressions were normalized first to GAPDH, then to wild-type clones. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) DNA gel electrophoresis of genomic PCR confirming mouse downstream Mirb deletion at cell population level in KP1. (G) circRmst expression at cell population level by RT-qPCR. Expressions were first normalized to Actb, then to cells with deletion of a gene desert region AAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. All error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S2 and Table S2.

    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195

    Techniques: RNA Sequencing, ChIP-sequencing, CRISPR, DNA Gel Electrophoresis, Clone Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

    Figure 3. circRMST is essential for NE tumor growth and maintaining NE gene expressions including ASCL1 (A) Schematic of circRMST shRNA design. shRNA knockdown efficiency determined by divergent primers in SHP77 after 3 days of puromycin selection. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. (B) Representative images of SCLC-A SHP77, H889, and H69 cell lines and NEPC organoid PM155, PM154, and PDX-derived 331R cell line grown in Matrigel after circRMST shRNA treatments. Cells were selected with puromycin for at least 3 days before seeding. Images were taken after 7 days to one month of cell growth. (C) Quantification of colony numbers or organoid diameters. Two biological replicates were quantified. Relative colony numbers were normalized to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) In vivo growth curves of SHP77 shRNA xenograft tumors (n = 7 for each group) in NSG mice. Error bars represent SEM. Two-way ANOVA. (E) Volcano plot showcasing RNA-seq gene expression changes in SHP77 treated with circRMST shRNA 1 compared to shGFP. Significance and fold change were calculated with DESeq2. (F) Lollipop graph of all upregulated GSEA pathways and a selected subset of downregulated pathways in SHP77 circRMST shRNA cells compared to shGFP. Significance is -log10(FDR). (G) Western blots of ASCL1 after circRMST knockdowns. (H) Schematic of RMST promoter deletion designs using CRISPR-dual guide system. (I) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR in SHP77 with DRMST promoter deletions at cell population level. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to DAAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (legend continued on next page)

    Journal: Cancer cell

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.

    doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.027

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. circRMST is essential for NE tumor growth and maintaining NE gene expressions including ASCL1 (A) Schematic of circRMST shRNA design. shRNA knockdown efficiency determined by divergent primers in SHP77 after 3 days of puromycin selection. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. (B) Representative images of SCLC-A SHP77, H889, and H69 cell lines and NEPC organoid PM155, PM154, and PDX-derived 331R cell line grown in Matrigel after circRMST shRNA treatments. Cells were selected with puromycin for at least 3 days before seeding. Images were taken after 7 days to one month of cell growth. (C) Quantification of colony numbers or organoid diameters. Two biological replicates were quantified. Relative colony numbers were normalized to shGFP. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) In vivo growth curves of SHP77 shRNA xenograft tumors (n = 7 for each group) in NSG mice. Error bars represent SEM. Two-way ANOVA. (E) Volcano plot showcasing RNA-seq gene expression changes in SHP77 treated with circRMST shRNA 1 compared to shGFP. Significance and fold change were calculated with DESeq2. (F) Lollipop graph of all upregulated GSEA pathways and a selected subset of downregulated pathways in SHP77 circRMST shRNA cells compared to shGFP. Significance is -log10(FDR). (G) Western blots of ASCL1 after circRMST knockdowns. (H) Schematic of RMST promoter deletion designs using CRISPR-dual guide system. (I) circRMST expression by RT-qPCR in SHP77 with DRMST promoter deletions at cell population level. Relative expression was first normalized to GAPDH, then to DAAVS. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (legend continued on next page)

    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195

    Techniques: shRNA, Knockdown, Selection, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Derivative Assay, In Vivo, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Western Blot, CRISPR, Quantitative RT-PCR

    Figure 5. circRMST interacts with SOX2 and NKX2-1 (A) Schematic of circRMST pulldown assays with 30 biotin labeled DNA probes. (B and C) circRMST pulldown efficiency in SHP77 and H1092. Percentage of input was calculated comparing the pull-down fraction to the input. Unpaired two- tailed Student’s t test. (D) Cytoscape illustration of circRMST protein interactors identified in both SHP77 and H1092 in two biological replicates. SAINT analysis was applied comparing circRMST pulldowns and control pulldowns. All proteins had FDR <0.1. (E) Western blot of circRMST interacting and non-interacting proteins in SHP77 and H1092. (F) Enrichment of SOX2 and NKX2-1 with 1% formaldehyde crosslinked RIP in H889. IgG antibody was used as a negative control. (G) RNA enriched by SOX2 and NKX2-1 crosslinked RIP in H889. Percentage of input was calculated by comparing the IP fraction to the input. All error bars represent SD. **p < 0.01. See also Figure S5 and Table S4.

    Journal: Cancer cell

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.

    doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.027

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. circRMST interacts with SOX2 and NKX2-1 (A) Schematic of circRMST pulldown assays with 30 biotin labeled DNA probes. (B and C) circRMST pulldown efficiency in SHP77 and H1092. Percentage of input was calculated comparing the pull-down fraction to the input. Unpaired two- tailed Student’s t test. (D) Cytoscape illustration of circRMST protein interactors identified in both SHP77 and H1092 in two biological replicates. SAINT analysis was applied comparing circRMST pulldowns and control pulldowns. All proteins had FDR <0.1. (E) Western blot of circRMST interacting and non-interacting proteins in SHP77 and H1092. (F) Enrichment of SOX2 and NKX2-1 with 1% formaldehyde crosslinked RIP in H889. IgG antibody was used as a negative control. (G) RNA enriched by SOX2 and NKX2-1 crosslinked RIP in H889. Percentage of input was calculated by comparing the IP fraction to the input. All error bars represent SD. **p < 0.01. See also Figure S5 and Table S4.

    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195

    Techniques: Labeling, Two Tailed Test, Control, Western Blot, Negative Control

    Figure 6. circRMST regulates NKX2-1 protein stability and SOX2 genomic binding (A) Western blot of NKX2-1 and SOX2 in SHP77 after 7 days of circRMST shRNA knockdown. SOX2 western was performed in the same experiment as ASCL1 shown in Figure 3G, and the Vinculin blot in Figure 3G serves as the loading control. (B) NKX2-1 protein amounts in 50 mg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) treated SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. Relative amounts from two biological replicates were normalized to vinculin and then to time point 0. Paired Student t tests. Error bars represent SD. (C) NKX2-1 protein amounts in SHP77 treated with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) at 200 nM for 24 h after 48 h of circRMST shRNA treatment. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. LC3 was used as a positive control for BafA treatment. (D) Representative images of SHP77 live cells stained with 50 nM Deep Red LysoTracker for 1.5 h (E) Quantification of LysoTracker signal intensity per cell using ImageJ. At least 5 images for each group were quantified. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) Western blot of NKX2-1 with circRMST and HSC70 shRNAs in SHP77. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. (G) Profile plots of SOX2 and NKX2-1 ChIP-seq signals at all peaks called by MACS2 in SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. (H) Heatmaps of SOX2 unaltered, downregulated and upregulated peaks in SHP77 circRMST knockdown cells, filtered by FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2. (I) ChIP-seq signal tracks for SOX2 and NKX2-1 at ASCL1 and INSM1 with and without circRMST knockdown. Yellow region represents significantly differential peaks determined by DiffBind with p value < 0.05. (J) Western blots of CRISPR-Cas9 targeting SOX2 and/or NKX2-1 in SHP77. (K) Overlaps between SOX2 and NKX2-1 cistromes in SHP77. (L) Graphical summary of circRMST function in neuroendocrine tumors. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S6 and Table S5.

    Journal: Cancer cell

    Article Title: Circular RMST cooperates with lineage-driving transcription factors to govern neuroendocrine transdifferentiation.

    doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.03.027

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. circRMST regulates NKX2-1 protein stability and SOX2 genomic binding (A) Western blot of NKX2-1 and SOX2 in SHP77 after 7 days of circRMST shRNA knockdown. SOX2 western was performed in the same experiment as ASCL1 shown in Figure 3G, and the Vinculin blot in Figure 3G serves as the loading control. (B) NKX2-1 protein amounts in 50 mg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) treated SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. Relative amounts from two biological replicates were normalized to vinculin and then to time point 0. Paired Student t tests. Error bars represent SD. (C) NKX2-1 protein amounts in SHP77 treated with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) at 200 nM for 24 h after 48 h of circRMST shRNA treatment. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. LC3 was used as a positive control for BafA treatment. (D) Representative images of SHP77 live cells stained with 50 nM Deep Red LysoTracker for 1.5 h (E) Quantification of LysoTracker signal intensity per cell using ImageJ. At least 5 images for each group were quantified. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. (F) Western blot of NKX2-1 with circRMST and HSC70 shRNAs in SHP77. Band intensity was quantified by ImageJ, shown below NKX2-1 blots. (G) Profile plots of SOX2 and NKX2-1 ChIP-seq signals at all peaks called by MACS2 in SHP77 with and without circRMST knockdown. (H) Heatmaps of SOX2 unaltered, downregulated and upregulated peaks in SHP77 circRMST knockdown cells, filtered by FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2. (I) ChIP-seq signal tracks for SOX2 and NKX2-1 at ASCL1 and INSM1 with and without circRMST knockdown. Yellow region represents significantly differential peaks determined by DiffBind with p value < 0.05. (J) Western blots of CRISPR-Cas9 targeting SOX2 and/or NKX2-1 in SHP77. (K) Overlaps between SOX2 and NKX2-1 cistromes in SHP77. (L) Graphical summary of circRMST function in neuroendocrine tumors. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. See also Figure S6 and Table S5.

    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER ThruPLEX DNA-seq kit Takara cat. #R400677 SMARTer DNA Unique Dual Index Kit - 24U Set B Takara cat. #R400666 BioAnalyzer 2100 with Agilent high sensitivity DNA kit Agilent cat. #5067-4626 Deposited data SHP77 circRMST shRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 siRNA RNA-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 SOX2 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 SHP77 NKX2-1 ChIP-seq This study GEO GSE239702 CRPC NEPC total RNA-seq This study EGAS50000000897 Experimental models: Cell lines NCI-H889 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H1092 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H196 Gift from Dr. Charles Rudin NCI-H526 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku NCI-H82 Gift from Dr. Kazukiro Yasufuku 42F Gift from Dr. Amina Zoubeidi 293FT Thermofisher cat. #R70007 PM154 Puca et al., 2018 PM155 Puca et al., 2018 LTL331R This study KP1 Gift from Dr. Julien Sage SHP77 ATCC CRL-2195

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Western Blot, shRNA, Knockdown, Control, Positive Control, Staining, Two Tailed Test, ChIP-sequencing, CRISPR